As the internet takes its place in our lives, cyber threats inevitably continue to develop and emerge rapidly.

Cybercriminals develop malware to steal data and damage or destroy computers and systems.

As it is known, there are many types of malware. The most well-known of these are viruses, worms, Trojan horse viruses and spyware. Computer viruses got this name because they can "infect" multiple files on a computer.

Infected files spread to other machines when sent via email or carried by users on physical media such as USB drives or (in the past) floppy disks.

Unlike viruses, worms do not require human assistance to spread and infect: Once infected, they use computer networks to spread to other machines without the user's help.

"Trojans", or Trojan horse viruses, hide in plain sight, disguised as real files or software. Once downloaded and installed, Trojans make changes to the computer and perform malware activities without the victim's knowledge or consent.

Spyware does what its name suggests: It tracks what you do on your computer. It collects data such as keystrokes, browsing habits, and even login information and then sends it to third parties, usually cybercriminals. It may also change certain security settings on your computer or disrupt network connections.

It is of great importance for most companies and users to feel safe in the virtual environment.

So how can companies and us, the users, be protected from most of these software?

• First of all, ensure that your computer and software are always up to date. Because these updates often contain fixes that can improve the security of your system.

• As another precaution, you can use accounts without administrative privileges. While an administrator account can install new software, standard or limited accounts do not have the ability to do so. This prevents malware from being installed on your computer and making system-wide changes.

• Additionally, caution should be exercised when downloading files, opening e-mail attachments or images, and clicking on links and advertisements, and anti-virus software should be used.

• Make sure you keep your computer safe with VPN and antivirus software. A VPN is a virtual private network that provides the secure passage of data from your computer to the web server you are trying to connect to. This is especially important as hackers and malicious programs cannot access this secure gateway, so your data is protected.

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